Biology is the scientific study of living organisms and their interactions with their environments. Biologists explore all forms of life from microbes to massive whales and examine its basic functions - metabolism, reproduction and genetics among others - that sustain life on Earth. Biologists use various tools and technologies (from microscopes to genetic sequencing technologies) to understand all complexities of life on this planet, from environmental challenges and medical advances to overall comprehension of life itself. Understanding biology is vital for solving environmental challenges, medical advances and understanding life itself on our planet Earth. Understanding biology is crucial for environmental challenges, medical advancements as well as the overall understanding of life on Earth itself.
The DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a nucleic acid which is responsible for the storage and transmittance of genetic information thus enabling the preservation of genetic information from one generation to another. It is contained in the chromosomes which are a total of 46 in humans. The part of DNA responsible for protein synthesis is called a gene and it is only responsible for the synthesis of a single protein.
View More >>Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease, instigating one of the leading causes of death afflicting over millions of people worldwide.
View More >>Team developmental activities are mandatory in the health and social care organisations
View More >>In the United Kingdom, racism, in its different forms, both intrinsic and extrinsic, affects minorities drawn from different ethnicities and colours (Fox, 2013).
View More >>Currently, CJ is a 67-year-old right-handed man who has visited the hospital for neuropsychological testing due to difficulties in handling different aspects of his work such as calculations, computing net commissions and deducting personal credit card spending.
View More >>Child abuse is a social problem and a concern. The Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) estimated that ‘one in five adults aged 18 to 74 years have experienced child abuse before the age of 16 years.
View More >>In nursing, reflective practice is important because it helps in developing a clear understanding of care situations along with assists in learning the knowledge and skills to be developed for their enhanced professional improvement. It is also important because it helps in sharing and learning from other professionals (Esterhuizen, 2019).
View More >>Reflection is one of the most crucial aspects of nursing practice that assists nursing professionals to analyse their past behaviour, experiences activities, performances, interaction and communication thereby reflecting on their knowledge, strength and weaknesses.
View More >>The Covid-19 pandemic (‘Covid’) has forced people to review and make changes in the manner they live their lives. It has impacted the manner in which people engage in their work.
View More >>For as long as I can remember, I have always been interested in caring, supporting, and being responsible for others. My motivation to care for others started when I lost two of my relatives to cancer. Besides, I was greatly motivated by how health practitioners dedicated themselves to save people's lives despite the long hours working
View More >>Our unit recently published a study on the role of p53 in regulating energy metabolism in SCCHN cells and it has been observed that, loss of p53 function whether through mutation or RNAi-mediated downregulation, displayed a lack of flexibility, and the cells becoming more dependent on glycolysis
View More >>In the early twentieth century, there were some perspectives regarding the mental illness in the UK, the psychogenic and somatogenic perspective.
View More >>In simple language, happiness has been defined as a state of mind characterized by varying type of emotions such as joy, cheerfulness, and contentment. Every individual wants to be happy, some of them see happiness in materialistic things like a car, mobile phone, big houses and so on while some seem to be happy with family and friends.
View More >>Energy is one the most important things in life, but important activities taking place in the body can only be performed at a controlled rate of temperature. The natural heat that the body produces is energy, and it is not only activated to resist any form of coldness but also to make sure that cellular activities taking place are accelerated. All animals are classified into two different groups the cold blooded and warm blooded and this will depend on the method of maintaining, losing and produce heat if they rely on the environment or their body. When the temperature rises the activities taking place in the body are accelerated and when the temperature exceeds above normal and reduces the activity and through this, the body loses heat to the environment (Lienhard, 2013).
View More >>In the 21st century, the leader and managerial practice has been changing throughout the era in order to enhance the organisational performance and creativity. The organisations in the recent years try to be innovative and the leader and managers are the major initiator of the institution to achieve the future success.
View More >>This essay will refer to the contemporary British gang research, and explore existence of gang problem in Britain. Britain has been seeing a rise in group offending. This essay will review research on group offending in the light of issues of gangs in Britain. It will attempt to understand the nature of gang research by reviewing the activity or structure of the group.
View More >>This essay explained explicitly and elaborately how neurotransmitter is been playing a pivotal role in the development of heroin addiction. It is known that drug abuse does have a serious and major effect on the functioning of health. Through this essay it was explored that neurotransmitters gets altered when any form of drug is induced in the body of the organism. It may show a hyper state of activity or serious form of withdrawal. The essay also explained the fact that the processing of the central nervous system gets altered by intake of drugs as neurotransmitters are played by heroin intake. These drugs once develop resistance; need to be taken in larger amounts to fulfill its ‘thirst’. Due to this reason, it was concluded that neurotransmitters does induce resuming in the process of talking heroin. These changes in the bodily function also affect the reward, motivation and the emotional functioning. It was also explored through the essay that due to changes in the neural system, not just health, but adverse psychological situations also take place.
View More >>Cell is basic unit of life that is called biological unit. Unicellular organisation is composed of single cell and the multicellular organism consist of two to many cells (Boiteux et al. 2017).
View More >>Chronic Kidney Disease is one of the major renal diseases that occur due to the negligence and avoidance of taking acute medical care and health care solution against the possibility of this growing mainly in the Northern side of the city of London.
View More >>Dementia, the disease associated with loss in memory functions, thinking, problem-solving, language-speaking abilities interferes with routine life-style of individuals and affects a majority of people within the age-group of 65 - 90 years at an exponential rate of increase, doubling in incidence every 5 year of time span with age (Strachan, et al., 2011). However, younger people can also be affected by dementia. Vulnerable groups or individuals are those who are considered to be at a greater risk over other average individuals or groups in terms of poor status of health and access towards health-care facilities
View More >>Dementia is considered as collective term used for describing different symptoms of cognitive decline like forgetfulness, difficulty in framing words, mood changes, confusion and others (Livingston et al., 2017). In the UK, as per 2018, there are 850,000 people reported to be living
View More >>Our biology determines our experience. This has been one of the interesting debates while explaining human behaviour and experience. Most early human experience influences how the brain develops and impacts gene expression. This reveals that the experience affects a
View More >>In this study, the structure and function of male and female reproductive system us to be discussed. Moreover, the role of hormones at different stages from gametogenesis to menopause along with the process or sequences present from fertilisation to
View More >>Aum Shinrikyo’s 1995 nerve agent sarin attack on the Tokyo subway led to an increase in the number of writers and scholars predicting similar and more serious attacks involving biological weapons of mass destruction (Smithson, 2009).
View More >>It is important to develop personal goal and create further planning for ensuring personal and professional development. For working in an organisation efficiently, it is necessary to manage time for completing the organisational job roles and responsibility within effective time (Christie et al., 2018). I am able to manage time in the workplace, where I try to priorities the tasks and conduct each task efficiently within time. As per the priority of the task, I try to note down the tasks and conduct it proficiently
View More >>The essay discussed the principles of trust and equity in relation to gifts mentioned in the given scenario.
View More >>This brief essay reviews three articles related to experience of women with the criminal justice system and how this experience is mediated by race. One of the important themes in the literature is that there is a link between race
View More >>Cell biology involves studying the structural and functional features of the cell and it revolves around the perception that the cell acts as the fundamental unit of life. The cell allows detailed understanding of the composition of the organism as they create body structure and
View More >>Respiratory rate is also called the breathing rate which means the number of breaths that an individual takes in one minute during the time while he or she is at rest (Azimi et al. 2017). The normal breathing rate in an adult person is 12-20 breaths per minute. During exercise
View More >>The Campylobacter jejuni causes bacterial diarrheal illness most commonly in children and immunocompromised people. The symptoms include headache, fever, myalgia that could be severe and last more than day.
View More >>The nervous and the endocrine system are both regulatory, but the endocrine system works by using chemical signals whereas the nervous system works by using electrical signal.
View More >>The dried and powdered plant material is extracted with pet ether (or hexane) to isolate alkaloids. Many alkaloids may be isolated
View More >>The Fluid Mosaic Model explains the structure of the plasma membrane of the cell by specifying the different components present
View More >>The term ethics has been defined as the “study of the moral value of human conduct and the rules and principles that ought to govern it” (McLaren, 2012, p. 69).
View More >>The concept of “cell” was first presumed to have occurred when an RNA molecule which is self-replicating in nature was enclosed within a membrane build-up of phospholipids. Cells can be classified broadly into two categories: Prokaryotic cells, which
View More >>Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors SSRI are the first line drug treatment to treat moderate to severe depression. Despite the efficacy of the treatment
View More >>Please read through each question carefully and provide an answer to each question in the space provided. If you require more space, please use a separate sheet of paper that is clearly marked with your Student ID number and the question number.
View More >>The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is spiral in shape and it grows in the digestive tract of the human being. The bacterium (H. pylori) is gram negative
View More >>From this study, the authors discovered that Hcp genes have an inhibition effect in the growth of ES114, a vibrio fischori strain. The study also discovers that regardless of the Hcp gene used, its presence is sufficient for T6SS mediated killing of ES114 when
View More >>The methylation of histone is seen to play a key role in regulating gene expression. They repress or activate genes based on which residue of lysine is been methylated. For example, H3K27 or H3K9 (methylation of H3 at 27 or 9) act as repressive markers but the H3K4 is
View More >>In the experiment, nearly 2x106 cells are pelleted and later washed with cold PBS. According to the protocol mentioned by the manufacturers, the Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Extraction Reagents NE-PERTM Kit was used for isolating the nuclear and cytoplasmic protein from the
View More >>Genetic Engineering is referred to the process of modification of an organism at generic level through the use of biotechnology. The modification at the genetic level which can be done through this process includes insertion of new DNA in the host genome, removal of genetic material using specific enzymes and gene targeting for development of a recombinant (Knott and Doudna, 2018). In this assignment, the detailed process involved in genetic engineering is to be explained. Moreover, two examples of genetic engineering which is production of Insulin and Hepatitis B vaccine are to be discussed by informing the process involved.
View More >>The immune system is considered as a host defense system comparing the biological structure and the internal process within and organism, which protects against diseases. The innate arms are considered to the innate immune system that provides initial protection to a wide variety of foreign organisms (Symowski and Voehringer, 2017). On the other hand, the adaptive immune system refers to the acquired immune system, which is composed of specialised, appropriate processes and systematic cells that eliminates the pathogens which further prevents their growth.
View More >>The protein science is poised to enter a new era with a promise of unlocking several cells’ inner working mystery. The sequencing of next generation is on the brink of transformation related to the way DNA information is accessed.
View More >>Cell culture is the procedure by which cells are developed under strictly organized conditions, by and large outside their common habitat. After the cells of intrigue have been disengaged from living tissue, they can in this way be kept up under painstakingly controlled conditions. Cell culture are utilized as model framework to consider essential cell science, immunological based study, to contemplate the process related within the cell and infectious agents like microscopic
View More >>The cell differentiation process in normal cells is properly controlled and regulated in a specific manner so that cells changes and divides in a normal manner. This is because inappropriate cell differentiation or cell proliferation leads to the development of cancer cell. The tumorigenesis is the result of mutation in three specific classes of genes which are tumour-suppressor genes, oncogenes and genomic stability genes.
View More >>Osteoarthritis. This is the deterioration of joint cartilages, resulting to bone rubbing off against bone. It is accompanied by pain during movement, tenderness, stiffness and a grating sensation during movement (Glyn-Jones S. et al., 2015). An X-ray or a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is used for imaging diagnosis together with joint fluid analysis.
View More >>In the human body, various sub-systems are present which interact between one another and with the main control system of the body that is nervous system to make the functioning of the system in an effective manner. In this assignment, the way nerve impulses are generated and propagated along with endocrine functioning is to be explained.
View More >>Amiloride sensitive amine oxidase (P19801) Protein is produced in Homo sapiens (human) by the expression of the gene AOC1. It Catalyzes the degradation of compounds such as putrescine, histamine, spermine, and spermidine, substances involved in allergic and immune responses, cell proliferation, tissue differentiation, tumor formation, and possibly apoptosis It is observed that the highest levels of DAO expression occurs in the digestive tract and the placenta.
View More >>Endocrine glands release chemical signals called hormones into the blood stream and signals through nerve to allow human body to respond with respect to changes in their environment. The secretion of gland is triggered by either nervous pathway or a change in certain substances in the blood stream.
View More >>This is an ecological study about bats, and the overall study revolves around to the fact of the temperatures that evolve around the fact that the flight time and the temperature are relevant. This study is to evaluate whether this fact is true or not. If the temperatures are evaluated along with the flight time of each individual bat, then the possible outcome can be evaluated, measured and combined to provide a bigger picture.
View More >>The animals which have a multicellular are usually divided to two groups vertebrates and invertebrates and this segmentation back to 500 years BC (Satoh et al,2014). In the ancient Greek civilization Aristotle 300 years BC recognised the animal based on blood to (Enaima with blood) and (Anaima without blood) (Satoh et al,2014). According to Satoh et al, (2014) when Darwin established the evaluation of animals the scientist investigates in more than one century.
View More >>For the past 10 years, researchers have invested significant resources in extracting the next generation of the blood biomarkers. Research has it that over 1.15 million babies have developed hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) on annual basis. Almost 60% of the infants having HIE eventually die as a result of the severe disabilities the moment they hit the age of 2 years.
View More >>The effect of the element of Pain could be better ascertained from the demonstrated standpoint of International Association for the study of pain in the manner of an experience which is associated with the emotional as well as sensory perceptions of the human body and this experience is unpleasant to the complete extent. This sensory experience is primarily associated with the actual or potential damage which could be caused to the tissues and the context of such a study of pain is integral to such damage which could be caused.
View More >>The ANA (antinuclear antibodies) testing is a very important step to diagnose many SARD (systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases). In the recent times, the ANA’s early detection and its relevance as the SARD’s predictors has been demonstrated. The diagnostic and the predictive ANA value show the precise detection’s importance pertaining to the autoantibodies.
View More >>In this experiment, there is requirement of using a haemocytometer for counting cells and thereby presenting within a sample’s set quantity. It is not known that how the cells are concentrated within the broth. The experiment will be carried out with a serial dilution in identifying a dilution with a countable cell number within it. The calculations can be adjusted in identifying the number of cells having presence within 1 ml of the original concentration. Once the serial dilutions have been carried out, the haemocytometer can be used in carrying out the cell counts.
View More >>As defined by World Health Organisation (WHO), infectious diseases are the health issues that is caused by various pathogens in the environment such as virus, fungi, bacteria, protists and microbes [WHO, 2019]. These diseases are contagious, that means they have the ability to be transmitted from the one person the other person.
View More >>The role of the checkpoint before the G1/S phase is to check the proper DNA formation of the cells so that it produces healthy daughter cells and undamaged DNA to maintain cell integrity (Liu et al. 2016). Thus, at this point it is decided whether or not the cell is to enter division. In case the start checkpoint of the cell is kept in ON position on permanent basis, then it would lead damaged cell to enter the multiplication phase leading to the formation of damaged organisms.
View More >>In these cells, the "plasma membrane" consists of carbohydrates and proteins. In addition to this, in this kind of cells, there are two prominent layers of “Phospholipids”, and these have been categorized in the cells (Spang et al. 2019). In these cells which are found in the human body, there are many parts of these cells which structured the cell.
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