Stroke Aetiology and Epidemiology

A long-term condition is referred to chronic illness which is unable to be cured and hinders the health of the patient but can be controlled with administration of medication and effective medical intervention (Patients Information, 2020). Saposnik et al. (2016) defines a stroke as a medical condition in which blood flow to the cells in the brain is interrupted or lowered.

They state the rupture of an artery or blockage of blood flow diminishes nutrients and oxygen reaching brain cells, leading to cell death. This stroke causes numbness or weakness mainly in one side of the body, confusion, hindered speech, blurred vision and other manifestations (Pirson et al., 2019). The same authors add that the causes of stroke include uncontrolled high blood pressure, bulging of blood vessels, protein deposits in the blood vessels, and trauma amongst other things. The risk factors related to stroke are: smoking; obstructive sleep apnoea; cardiovascular diseases; diabetes; age-related issues; high cholesterol and others (D’Souza, Butcher and Buck, 2018). There are two main types of stroke: ischaemic, in which an artery is blocked, and haemorrhagic, in which a blood vessel is absconded resulting in reduced blood flow in the brain (Pirson et al., 2019). This essay will mainly focus on ischaemic stroke.Stroke Organisation UK (2017) states that stroke is the fourth-most common reason for death in the UK. They noted that there are more than 100,000 cases of stroke in the UK each year, giving an occurrence of one stroke every five minutes. The British Heart Foundation (BHF) states that 38% of people between 40-69 years will experience a stroke. The average age for women to suffer a stroke is currently 73 years and for men, it is 68 years (British Heart Foundation Organisation UK, 2018).

For the purposes of this assignment, an online search strategy is to be used in collecting data, where various electronic databases such as PubMed, CINHAL as well as Medline and others are to be searched to gather articles and journals relating to the topic. The search terms to be used include "Stroke", "Ischaemic stroke", "Aetiology of stroke", "Epidemiology of stroke" and others.

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