Discuss The Importance of Professional

Discuss the importance of professional values and behaviours within your own field of practice.

The professional values of adult nursing refer the important principles such as integrity, altruism, human dignity and justice are to be effectively abided by to provide proper standards of care to the elderly service users (Jiménez-López et al. 2016). Thus, without abiding by the values the nurses would discriminate, disrespect, avoid safety and others to the service users which will interfere with safe and high quality of ethical care for the elderly service users. This informs that the professional values and behaviour in adult nursing is important to be followed as it influences the decision of the nurses regarding the way they are going to offer care to the elderly service users.

The NMC Code of Conduct (2015) informs that the nurses are required to execute their practice by implementing and upholding the professional values and behaviours mentioned in the code. This is because it would lead the nurses to act with honesty and integrity in all condition promoting treatment of patients or service users in a fair and non-discriminated manner. The discriminatory treatment of the patients in adult nursing results the elderly service users to feel harassed and disrespected which makes them dissatisfied with the nature of care provided by the nurses (Lyneham and Levett-Jones, 2016). This is because discriminatory attitude due to non-professional behaviour by the nurses in adult nursing makes the nurses unable to fulfil the needs and demands of the service users which make the patients create hindrance and avoid accessing care from the nurses. Thus, the professional values and behaviour are important to be followed in adult nursing so that the needs and demands of elderly service users are met in the best possible way and they are offered safety through care practices.

The professional values and behaviour are important in adult nursing so that the elderly patients are treated in a way where they are not upset or feel distressed (Poorchangizi et al. 2017). This is because such an attempt by following professional values would help the nurses in the adult nursing field to develop trust and confidence from the patients. It is would help the nurses to provide smooth care to the elderly without facing many issues due to denial and unnecessary restriction from the patients while offering them care. The professional values and behaviour are important in adult nursing as it helps the nurses to uphold their position in the profession and avoid facing legal actions against them (Parandeh et al. 2015). This is because abiding by professional behaviour leads nurses to follow most of the legal codes and legislation in providing services to the elderly. Thus, violations of laws are avoided making the nurses safe from facing any negative legal actions.

The professional values and behaviours in adult nursing are important as it helps the nurses to offer care in a selfless way for the well-being of the elderly patients (Moyo et al. 2016). Thus, it helps the nurses to offer care with concern and proper advocacy to the adults which results in improving their health ensuring effective welfare of the patients. The professionalism leads the nurses to promote the dignity of the elderly while offering care which makes the patients feel a sense of pride, honour and respect (Tanaka et al. 2016). This is important for the elderly patients as it helps them to feel valued which in turn makes them satisfied with the care being provided. Thus, professionalism in adult nursing is important as it helps to promote the well-being of the elderly by making the feel valued and respected. The discrimination of the elderly patients makes certain individuals face a lack of required care services which deteriorates their health condition (de Swardt et al. 2017). The professionalism in adult nursing avoids the rise of the situation as it leads nurses to offer care to each patient in an equal manner. Thus, professionalism is important in adult nursing as it avoids preferential treatment of elderly and ensures equal care in promoting the health of the adult patients without deteriorating any adult’s condition due to preferential care. The professionalism in adult nursing is important as it leads the nurses to avoid neglecting any patients and deliver justified care to the service users (Nightingale et al. 2018). This makes the elderly service users feel satisfied with the care making the nurses be successful in performing their duties in their field. The professional values lead the nurses in adult nursing to develop a strong foundation which articulate effectiveness, accomplish valid requirements of care and show accountability from the part of the nurses to offer safe and high-quality care to the adult service users (Keyko et al. 2016).

References

• Keyko, K., Cummings, G.G., Yonge, O. and Wong, C.A., 2016. Work engagement in professional nursing practice: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 61, pp.142-164.
• Jiménez-López, F.R., Roales-Nieto, J.G., Seco, G.V. and Preciado, J., 2016. Values in nursing students and professionals: An exploratory comparative study. Nursing Ethics, 23(1), pp.79-91.
• Lyneham, J. and Levett-Jones, T., 2016. Insights into Registered Nurses' professional values through the eyes of graduating students. Nurse education in practice, 17, pp.86-90.
• Poorchangizi, B., Farokhzadian, J., Abbaszadeh, A., Mirzaee, M. and Borhani, F., 2017. The importance of professional values from clinical nurses’ perspective in hospitals of a medical university in Iran. BMC medical Ethics, 18(1), p.20. Parandeh, A., Khaghanizade, M., Mohammadi, E. and Nouri, J.M., 2015. Factors influencing development of professional values among nursing students and instructors: a systematic review. Global journal of health science, 7(2), p.284.
• Moyo, M., Goodyear-Smith, F.A., Weller, J., Robb, G. and Shulruf, B., 2016. Healthcare practitioners’ personal and professional values. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 21(2), pp.257-286. Tanaka, M., Taketomi, K., Yonemitsu, Y. and Kawamoto, R., 2016. Professional behaviours and factors contributing to nursing professionalism among nurse managers. Journal of nursing management, 24(1), pp.12-20.
• de Swardt, H.C.R., van Rensburg, G.H. and Oosthuizen, M.J., 2017. Supporting students in professional socialisation: Guidelines for professional nurses and educators. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 6, pp.1-7. Nightingale, S., Spiby, H., Sheen, K. and Slade, P., 2018. The impact of emotional intelligence in health care professionals on caring behaviour towards patients in clinical and long-term care settings: Findings from an integrative review. International journal of nursing studies, 80, pp.106-117.

Present and evaluate a piece of legislation that relates to your field of practice. Explain how it contributes to safeguarding in your field and how it links with the NMC Code of Practice.

The legislation which is related to the field of adult nursing is the Human Rights Act 1998. The Act promotes the right to dignified care, right to life, right to subjection to human and proper treatment without any form of discrimination along with offers the right to the patients to be able to lead a family life (www.legislation.gov.uk, 1998). The field specific legislation in Scottish which related with the Human Rights Act 1998 is the Patient Right (Scotland) Act 2011 which has the key aim to improve the experiences of healthcare for the patients and ensure support to them so that they can be able to personally take own health care (www2.gov.scot, 2011). The Act effectively performs to ensure high-quality in a proper manner to the service users in Scotland. The Patient Right (Scotland) Act 2011 informs that the service users have the right to avail information and support regarding the healthcare practices offered to them (www2.gov.scot, 2011). It helps to safeguard the human rights of the elderly patients as the information helps them to understand the efficiency and impact of treatment being offered to them. This assists them to take an informed decision whether or not to reject any care which they may feel negative for their health. The Act also encourages the patients to take part in taking decision regarding their healthcare (www2.gov.scot, 2011). This aspect of the Act helps to safeguard the elderly patients in the adult nursing field by offering them opportunity to be able to take own decision as well as mention the preference of care they wish to avail to be ensured satisfaction through treatment by the nurses. These aspects of the Act links with the NMC Code of Practice as it is mentioned under “Prioritise People” that the patients are to be allowed to take informed decision regarding their treatment and are to be informed in details regarding their care so that they can provide and demand preferred care (NMC, 2015). The Patient Right (Scotland) Act 2011 informs that the needs and demands of the patients are to be received while arranging care for them (www2.gov.scot, 2011). It is going to safeguard elderly patients that in the sense their demands and needs would be asked by the nurses that are to be fulfilled to ensure the well-being of the elderly service users. This, in turn, would safeguard the dignity of the patients by offering them care as per mentioned by them. This aspect of the Act is linked with the NMC

Code of Practice (2015) under “Prioritise people” where the nurses are asked to evaluate the needs and demands of the service users prior to providing them care (NMC, 2015). The Act mentions that the patients are to be offered care by the nurses that would bring optimum benefit for them (www2.gov.scot, 2011). This is going to safeguard the patient in adult nursing field to be ensured of receiving best care that would help them in early recovery and less chances of readmission. This aspect of the Act is also directly linked with the NMC Code under the “Prioritise people" where it is mentioned that care is to be offered in the best interest of the service user. Moreover, under “Practice effectively” the nurses are asked to offer care to the best of their ability to ensure optimum benefit to the service users in all field of nursing which can be linked with the mentioned aspect of the Act. The Act informs that feedback and comments is to be received from the patients and the nurses are required to improve their services based on the comments (www2.gov.scot, 2011). This aspect of the Act safeguards the elderly service users to be ensured of getting high-standards of care service. It is evident as the nurses by evaluating the feedback would understand the changes to be made in the delivery of care services so that the patients receive care in the most effective way as demanded to improve their health at the earliest. This aspect of the Act is also linked with the NMC Code under “Practise effectively” where the nurses are mentioned to act on any feedback received from the patients to improve their practice (NMC, 2015). The Patient Right (Scotland) Act 2011 indicates that it fulfils all the mentioned rights in regard to health and social care as reported in the Human Rights Act 1998. Moreover, it can be concluded that the Act offers the right to the patients to take an informed decision regarding their care, provide feedback regarding their care, makes nurses to act professionally and improve their practice based on the feedback along with others that are each linked with NMC Code ensuring safeguarding of the elderly patients.

References

• www.legislation.gov.uk 1998, Human Rights Act 1998, Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/42/contents [Accessed on: 09 April 2019]
• www2.gov.scot 2011, Patient Right (Scotland) Act 2011, Available at: https://www2.gov.scot/Topics/Health/Policy/Patients-Rights [Accessed on: 09 April 2019]
• www.nmc.org.uk 2015, Professional standards of practice and behaviour for nurses, midwives and nursing associates, Available at: https://www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/nmc-publications/nmc-code.pdf [Accessed on: 09 April 2019]

Using the scenario about Alison identify and discuss two ethical concerns. It may help you to refer to the four guiding ethical principles (respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice).

Ethical concerns are referred to the situation in which an individual is required to develop choice between two or more alternatives which are to be evaluated as right or wrong so that the right choice can be made to resolve the concern (McCarthy and Gastmans, 2015). In the given case scenario of Alison, the ethical concerns experienced are non-maleficence and autonomy. As asserted by Laryionava et al. (2018), non-maleficence means offering no harm or least harm to the service users to reach a good outcome. This is because avoiding harm to the service users ensures their better health outcome due to satisfactory services. In given case scenario, it is seen that the Alison who is a nursing student has violated the ethical value of non-maleficence by uploading the photographs along with the health details of the patient in the facebook which is social media. As stated by Lerman (2016), information shared in the social media is easily transferred to wide number of individuals within seconds. Thus, sharing the photograph of the patient along with their case scenario by Alison makes the patient’s personal medical information to be made public to wide number of individuals that creates challenges to safeguard the patient from harm. This is because the circulation of medical information of the patient would make the individual to be humiliated through mocking and other ways in the society which would result her to face lower dignity in the society. It would make her experience emotional abuse and disrespect in the society that would result her to face psychological harm. As argued by Yagil and Shnapper-Cohen (2016), the emotional health of the patient has a deep impact on the rate of recovery of their physical health. This is because an emotionally stable person provides better response to the medication requires healing her physical health. Thus, Alison by sharing details of the patient in the social media executed to create emotional harm to the patients. Moreover, she made the patient to be exposed to receive physical harm along with isolation from the society from the individuals who think the mentioned disease is vulnerable out of stigma. The NMC Code of Practise informs that the nurses to respect the right of privacy and confidentiality of the patients and shared personal information with the consent

NMC, 2015. In case the nurses violate any act of the Code, the Nursing and Midwifery Council develops judgement to punish the nurse accordingly that may even amount to cancel their registration. The sharing of the patient’s information in the social media is violation of the Code as she has not taken due permission from the patient regarding it which may lead Alison to face legal actions from the Nursing and Midwifery Council. The Data Protection Act 1998 informs that the personal data of the individuals are to be kept secret and not to be shared without their informed with any individuals (www.legislation.gov.uk, 1998). The sharing of the medical records along with photographs in social media violates the privacy of the patient along with the principles of the Act which would lead Alison to face charges against her. This is because she did not take permission from the patient to share the content in the social media and took consent for only keeping a photo-journal.
The autonomy is referred the action where the patient are offered the right to take decision regarding their own care without any influence from other individual (Galbany-Estragués and Comas-d’Argemir, 2017). In the given case scenario, the patient is not allowed by Alison to take her decision regarding whether or not she chooses to share the details of her medical history with the photograph in social media. This is evident as Alison did not ask for permission from the patient regarding the action to be done and developed her personal decision to share the story of the patient in the social media. The condition for autonomy as mentioned by the NMC Code of Practise is to offer detailed information to the patients before taking any decision (NMC, 2015). However, Alison did not offer information to the patient in details regarding the way the photo-journal made is to be used later violating the ethical principle raising ethical concern of lack of autonomy. As stated by Hedman et al. (2019), without autonomy the patient feels they are not valued. This is because they do not have adequate information or opportunity to take their own decision. Therefore, Alison violated principle of offering autonomy to the patient by not informing her about the way collected data regarding her is to be used and influenced in taking personal decision to share information of the patient in the social media. The discussion informs that Alison violated the ethics of autonomy and non- maleficence in case of the female patient. This is going to let her face legal action due to violation of the NMC Code of Conduct along with Data Protection Act 1998.

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References

• McCarthy, J. and Gastmans, C., 2015. Moral distress: a review of the argument-based nursing ethics literature. Nursing ethics, 22(1), pp.131-152.
• Laryionava, K., Heußner, P., Hiddemann, W. and Winkler, E.C., 2018. “Rather one more chemo than one less…”: Oncologists and Oncology Nurses’ Reasons for Aggressive Treatment of Young Adults with Advanced Cancer. The oncologist, 23(2), pp.256-262.
• Lerman, K., 2016. Information is not a virus, and other consequences of human cognitive limits. Future Internet, 8(2), p.21.
• Yagil, D. and Shnapper-Cohen, M., 2016. When authenticity matters most: Physicians’ regulation of emotional display and patient satisfaction. Patient education and counseling, 99(10), pp.1694-1698.
• www.nmc.org.uk 2015, Professional standards of practice and behaviour for nurses, midwives and nursing associates, Available at: https://www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/nmc-publications/nmc-code.pdf [Accessed on: 09 April 2019]
• www.legislation.gov.uk 1998, Data Protection Act 1998, Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/29/contents [Accessed on: 09 April 2019] Galbany-Estragués, P. and Comas-d’Argemir, D., 2017. Care, autonomy, and gender in nursing practice: A historical study of nurses’ experiences. journal of nursing research, 25(5), pp.361-367. Hedman, M., Häggström, E., Mamhidir, A.G. and Pöder, U., 2019. Caring in nursing homes to promote autonomy and participation. Nursing ethics, 26(1), pp.280-292.

Submit an outline of the nursing model that you havechosen as the best model to guide the potential nursing care for Tom in the scenario for your field of practice. This needs to include:

• Why it is the most suitable
• How it may help
• Why the other nursing model was not suitable

The nursing model informs concepts and information that are to be used by the nurses for planning and implementing care for the patients (Flott and Linden, 2016). The nursing model is selected for offering care to Tom is Virginia Henderson’s Fourteen Basic Needs Model. The model informs fourteen basic components which are required to be considered to offer care to the service users in the most effective way. The components include breathing normally, eating and drinking adequately, properly eliminating body waste, sleep, move and able to maintain desirable posture, have suitable clothes to wear, maintain proper body temperature, have clean environment, avoid injuries, communicate properly, work, play and ability to learn (Truca et al. 2016). The Virginia Henderson’s Fourteen Basic Needs Model is developed with the intention to improve the independence of the patient in the hospital for their easy recovery and had focus to offer individual care to the patients (Solà‐Miravete et al. 2018). This aspect of the model makes it suitable for Tom as adopting it would lead the nurses to develop an individual care plan for Tom where he would be offered care based on his special medical condition rather than offering him care as a general patient. It would offer better care opportunity for Tom to receive specialised care. The model indicates that having a normal body temperature is one of the key needs of the patient which the nurses required to focus to ensure proper care to the patient (Cámara, 2017). This aspect of the model indicates it to be suitable for Tom as it leads the nurses to develop concern regarding lowering the high temperature of Tom to normal to ensure effective care. Thus, this model would indicate the nurses to take initiative to provide medication to Tom to lowering his temperature. The Virginia Henderson’s Fourteen Basic Needs Model also indicates that the patient is required to breathe properly and it is one of the concerns to be focused on by the nurses (Solà‐Miravete et al. 2018). This aspect of the model also makes it suitable

for Tom as it helps to alter the nurses to take initiative in resolving the chest infection of the patients so that he can again initiate to breathe properly. The Model also indicates that the nurses are required to offer individual care to the service users to make them self-sufficient while accessing care in the hospital (Hørdam and Boolsen, 2017). In this aspect, the model is also suitable for Tom as it would lead the nurses to develop strategies and care initiative so that Tom can be made more independent to look after him while accessing care in the hospital. This may resolve the anxious and distressed feeling of Tom which he had been suffering after being admitted to the hospital may due to lack of independence which he enjoyed at home under the care of the parents. Virginia Henderson's Fourteen Basic Needs Model focuses on developing individual care for the patients based on their health condition (Doroszkiewicz et al. 2018). This aspect of the model also makes it suitable for Tom as he is suffering from Down’s syndrome which is a mental disorder that makes it implementing different way to offer care to him regarding resolving his chest infection and body temperature. This is because the needs and demands of the mentally-ill people are different than normal people. Thus, using the model more specified care can be offered top tom by the nurses that would resolve his health problems more effectively. The other model that is Tidal model is mainly seen to be implemented by the nurses to resolve mental illness (Hunter et al. 2015). At the present Tom is suffering from physical health issues such as high body temperature and chest infection along with anxiety which makes the model improper to be used. This is because its use may resolve his anxiety but his physical health without is also of concern could not be improved with the use of the model. The Orem model is implemented to improve the independence of the patient to be able to take their own care (Borji et al. 2017). In the present scenario, the self-efficiency improvement of Tom to take his own care is not the key concern and thus the model is not suitable for use. Thus, the above discussion informs that the Virginia Henderson’s Fourteen Basic Needs Model was most effective model to be used for offering care to Tom by resolving his health difficulties. This is because the model helps the nurses to identify key basic needs of the patients in all condition as well as leads nurses to develop individual care as per the medical condition of each patient.

References

• Flott, E.A. and Linden, L., 2016. The clinical learning environment in nursing education: a concept analysis. Journal of advanced nursing, 72(3), pp.501-513.
• Truca, G., Popa, F., Marcean, C., Paunica-Panea, G. and Gîngu, C., 2016. The Management of Patients with Kidney Failure in Virginia Henderson's Nursing Conceptual Framework to Prevent Venous Thrombosis. Romanian Journal of Urology, 15(3), p.31.
• Solà‐Miravete, E., López, C., Martínez‐Segura, E., Adell‐Lleixà, M., Juvé‐Udina, M.E. and Lleixà‐Fortuño, M., 2018. Nursing assessment as an effective tool for the identification of delirium risk in older in‐patients: A case–control study. Journal of clinical nursing, 27(1-2), pp.345-354.
• Cámara, M.P., 2017. Most frequent nursing diagnoses in patients admitted to the Epilepsy Unit. Revista Científica de la Sociedad de Enfermería Neurológica (English ed.), 46, pp.6-10.
• Hørdam, B. and Boolsen, M.W., 2017. Patient involvement in own rehabilitation after early discharge. Scandinavian journal of caring sciences, 31(4), pp.859-866.
• Doroszkiewicz, H., Sierakowska, M. and Muszalik, M., 2018. Utility of the Care Dependency Scale in predicting care needs and health risks of elderly patients admitted to a geriatric unit: a cross-sectional study of 200 consecutive patients. Clinical interventions in aging, 13, p.887. Hunter, L., Weber, T., Shattell, M. and Harris, B.A., 2015. Nursing students’ attitudes about psychiatric mental health nursing. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 36(1), pp.29-34.
• Borji, M., Otaghi, M. and Kazembeigi, S., 2017. The impact of Orem’s self-care model on the quality of life in patients with type II diabetes. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 10(1), pp.213-220.