Treatment and therapies: Schizophrenia

Introduction

Schizophrenia is a chronic disorder and severe mental illness among the individuals where it is a disorder for which the person feels, thinks and behaves differently as compared to other human being who are not suffering in Schizophrenia. The exact cause of Schizophrenia is not known yet, but it is considered as a combination of genetic disorders and environment where the person lives (Howes et al., 2016). Social structure, family bonding and personal career play a crucial role in shaping the living standard of the human being. Schizophrenia is characterised by thoughts and experience of the person, seem out of touch in the reality, disorganized speech and behaviour as well as decreased participation in the daily activities of the person (Khandaker et al., 2015). Difficulties in concentration and memory is the symptoms that the people face which are suffering from the mental illness of Schizophrenia. The aim of the report is to analyse the patient’s case who is suffering from Schizophrenia as well as discuss the existing therapy and approach through which the mental disorder to Schizophrenia can be resolved so that the person can overcome his issues in daily life and lead a normal life like others.

Nigel is a 19 years old boy, who is suffering from the issue of Schizophrenia where he decided to start a course in the University on computer science but he was not able to take active part in the class and he is not even attending the class due to the issue of Schizophrenia. He became withdrawn and was unable to concentrate on learning. He described that; he felt the strangers are following him on the road. Apart from that, somebody install hidden cameras at his home to follow him continuously. He stormed out of the house and dd not return to home at night. His parents went to search him and founded that he was wondering at the street. These are serious symptoms in Nigel’s life which destroys his standard of living. His parents convince him to go to doctor for treatment, but he did not agree to the parent’s perception and he convinced them that this behaviour is normal and there is nothing wrong with him. However, after proper cooperation with his parents, his parents are successful to convince him to take help from the psychiatrist who assesses and diagnosed Nigel subsequently for understanding the symposiums of Schizophrenia. He is not living at his home with his parents and the treatment and intervention of the psychosis team are useful for him to overcome the solutions for better standard of living.

It is necessary for Nigel to develop proper intervention planning to treat the mental disorder of Schizophrenia and the intervention of the psychosis team also plays an important role to maximise the wellbeing of Nigel so that he can live normally by overcoming his disorders and thoughts.

Cognitive behavioural therapy is an effective approach to treat the patients with Schizophrenia where the psychiatrists and psychosis team emphasise on strong therapeutic alliance, normalisation psychoeducation, skill and strategy formulation to address stress and mental disorders which provide a scope to the patient to understand the reality and live a normal life like others (Ellaithy et al., 2015). In this therapeutic approach, the psychiatrists focus on problem that he is suffering from as well as cooperate with him in order to discuss the issue in his life. Moreover, proper collaboration with Nigel provide a scope to understand the perspective of the patient and interact properly to share his experience. This will be effective for improving cognitive behaviour of the patient Nigel by conducting proper counselling where through communication and collaboration, the psychosis team can convince him about the reality of live.

Focused thoughts and focused behaviour are also analysed through the cognitive behavioural therapeutic approach where the psychiatrists can understand the personal behaviour and thoughts of the patients and through proper counselling the doctor can develop the situation where the patient can understand the reality. Providing proper psychoeducation and daily treatment through communication and cooperation will also helpful for Nigel to share his experience and provide him pope support and quality care to overcome his issues and mental disorders where he thinks differently. Attention and concentration n Nigel and give him proper importance as well as problem solving skill will also be useful for the patient to overcome the symptom of Schizophrenia. Collaborative therapy, building strong relationship with the patient and stress vulnerability analysis for the patient will also be useful to treat Nigel with proper care and support.

Through the psychodynamic therapeutic approach, it is also possible to treat the patient with Schizophrenia like Nigel, where the psychiatrists focus on the psychology of the patient and through developing patient centred care, they are trying to treat the patient with care and support. Proper communication and collaboration under the psychodynamic treatment of Schizophrenia will be helpful to understand the experience of the patient which in tur provides a scope to treat the patient by involving them in the care plana and understanding their needs and preferences (Yang, and Tsai, 2017). Conflicts in mind set, childhood experience, social inclusion, family background and personal growth are considered to treat the patient where the psychiatrist tris to understand the thoughts and experiences of Nigel for treating his and convincing them about the reality and social structure so that the mental disorders and unnecessary thought in his mind can be treated well. Developing interpersonal skill and behaviour are there in this process of therapy where the psychiatrist let him understand about the behavioural approach and social structure and reality. Integrated supporting psychodynamic model of treating Schizophrenia is hereby beneficial for the patient to overcome his problems and thoughts and lie a normal life like others.

The major ethical issues under the cognitive behavioural therapy to treat the patients with Schizophrenia is that data security issues and there are many addictions among the patients which are not treated under the behavioural therapy. closure of sessions of counselling and termination of the care plan are other ethical issues under the cognitive behavioural therapy for which the patients are suffering a lot and they fail to overcome their negative symptoms. lack of promoting autonomy and integrated working practice is another ethical issue where the team members fail to maintain transparency and accountability as well as develop team work at the care institution to treat the patient with Schizophrenia. additionally, data protection is another ethical implications, where the psychiatrists fail to protect the personal information of the patient and they are also facing difficulties in managing the big data of the patients through cloud computing for which the patients face harassment and fail to access proper treatment and counselling sessions with the psychosis team and the psychiatrists.

As per the ethical implications under the approach of psychodynamic therapy to treat the patient with Schizophrenia, there are some ethical issues such as lack of empowerment of the patients, poor communication and non-cooperation which deteriorates the quality of treatment and care where the psychiatrists fail to develop proper care plan for the patient like Nigel. Additionally, lack of management of the patient with proper care and support is another ethical issue where it is the responsibility of the team members to treat the patient with care, but they fail due to lack of integrated working practice. Lack of emphasis on interpersonal skill and problem-solving skill are another ethical consideration which needs to be considered during the treatment of the patient with Schizophrenia.

As per the peer review, I come to know that the presentation is good with proper information and adequate knowledge and understanding. I am also able to discuss the approaches to treat the mental disorder of schizophrenia which is the main topic of the presentation. However, I need to develop my communication skill, where I lack of interact with my peer during the presentation. This further improves my understanding about the research topic. As per the peer review, I also came to know that the English grammatical skill is good, where I am able to represent the whole presentation with proper English grammar. However, as per the feedback, it is necessary for me to improve my vocabulary skill where I can use more synonymous words for good representation of the research. Appropriate choosing of English words in the case study of schizophrenia will be useful for me to improve my presentation skill.

Apart from that, I have done proper research on the topic of schizophrenia, but it is necessary for me to imporve my problem solving and critical thinking skill so that I can analyse the real situation for the patient who are suffering from schizophrenia. I hereby try to improve my problem-solving skill by reviewing more journals and books related to the issue and symptoms and treatment of schizophrenia where it would be beneficial for me to gain more in-depth knowledge and improve understanding. This in tur helps me to improve my critical analysis skill and problem-solving skill for future. Additionally, I try to improve my vocabulary skill and use proper words for representing the thoughts and understanding in the prestation. Use of in-depth knowledge is also necessary for me and in this regard proper review of existing books and journals as well as critical analysis of the therapy and approach will also be effective for representing the content and theories.

Reference List

• Yang, A. and Tsai, S.J., 2017. New targets for schizophrenia treatment beyond the dopamine hypothesis. International journal of molecular sciences, 18(8), p.1689.
• Khandaker, G.M., Cousins, L., Deakin, J., Lennox, B.R., Yolken, R. and Jones, P.B., 2015. Inflammation and immunity in schizophrenia: implications for pathophysiology and treatment. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(3), pp.258-270.
• Howes, O.D., McCutcheon, R., Agid, O., De Bartolomeis, A., Van Beveren, N.J., Birnbaum, M.L., Bloomfield, M.A., Bressan, R.A., Buchanan, R.W., Carpenter, W.T. and Castle, D.J., 2016. Treatment-resistant schizophrenia: treatment response and resistance in psychosis (TRRIP) working group consensus guidelines on diagnosis and terminology. American Journal of Psychiatry, 174(3), pp.216-229.
• Ellaithy, A., Younkin, J., Gonzalez-Maeso, J. and Logothetis, D.E., 2015. Positive allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate 2 receptors in schizophrenia treatment. Trends in neurosciences, 38(8), pp.506-516.