Understanding Person-Centred Care

Introduction

Person-centred care is referred to the way of developing, thinking and executing health and social care services by keeping patient who is going to use the services in the centre of the process to take decision for planning and monitoring the care to ensure it meets their demands and needs. The person-centred care is important because it makes the patients feel confident and comfortable with the healthcare services at it improves their health condition along with upholds their dignity and makes them develop empowerment. In this assignment, the way to promote person-centred care in care settings is to be discussed along with the way it is to provide with consent is to be mentioned, which is crucial for effective healthcare dissertation help. The way better participation in person-centred care can be arranged and need along with establishing support for individual's rights is also to be explained. Lastly, the way to promote individual's well-being in the process and the role of risk assessment in allowing the person-centred approach at the care setting is to be discussed.

LO1

1.1 Explain how and why person-centred values must influence all aspects of health and adult care work.

Person-centred values include upholding the respect and dignity of the service users, offering them autonomy in taking decision regarding care, supporting patient’s self-sense, understanding relationships and develop empowering care service environment for the patients (van Dulmen et al. 2017). These values are required to be abided by so that satisfactory and high-quality care by meeting the needs and demands of the services can be provided. The person-centred values are to influence all aspect of care work by allowing the patients or service users have the ability to make their own decision regarding the choice of care they wish to receive and the way they wish it to be provided (Burton et al. 2017). This is because such an act would help the patients or service users feel dignified and respected as their opinions and decision regarding care is approved. Moreover, such values are required to allow the service users have the right to control their own health (Feo and Kitson, 2016). The person-centred values are to influence the healthcare work by allowing the service users free to inform their needs and demands and the nurses or service providers are to act upon them accordingly (Guilcher et al. 2016). This is required as it would promote the autonomy of the service users, as well as help service providers, offer satisfactory services to the service users. The person-centred values are to influence all aspects of healthcare by understanding the life-experiences of the patients and offering them care services by focusing on their personal needs and not just for the sake of completing the care activity. This is required as it would lead the patients to feel their right of living life is accomplished as well as experience support that they are being properly cared without any negligence (Jacobs et al. 2017).

1.2 Evaluate the use of care plans in applying person-centred values.

Care Plans are referred as primary source of care information where support services and medical treatment to be offered to the services users at what time and in which way as per their individual health status are mentioned (Amir et al. 2015). The care plans are important in applying person-centred values because it helps the service providers or the nurses become knowledgeable about the preferred care and support to be provided to the patient. Moreover, care plans mention the list of preferred diagnosis, treatment and medications to be provided for specific patients based on the individual’s health condition (Mercer et al. 2015). This is effective in applying person-centred values as the nurses remain informed about the preference of treatment of diagnosis asked by the patients previously that are mentioned in the care plan to be followed to offer satisfactory care to the service user which meets their needs and demands ensuring them respect.

1.3 Explain how to collate and analyse feedback to support the delivery of person-centred care in line with roles and responsibilities.

In order to collect feedback, the patients and their family members are to be approached with a feedback questionnaire to be fulfilled after person-centred care delivery by the service providers. In feedback questionnaire, the service users and their family members need to inform about the level of satisfaction they have received from the present care and the changes in present care policy they wish to be made to ensure better person-centred care approach to be established (Ritchie et al. 2016). Thus, to collect the feedback in supporting person-centred care delivery in a professional way feedback questionnaire is needed. The feedback responses are to be analysed by the service providers by comparing the responses with the present care approaches (Amir et al. 2015). This is required to let the service providers understand the changes they require to make personally as well as in care service providing way to ensure effective person-centred care delivery in line with the mentioned professional role and responsibility.

LO2

2.1 Work with an individual and others to find out the individual’s history, preferences, wishes and needs

In order to find out an individual's history, preference and needs in establishing person-centred care, the diversity and culture of the people are to be supported. This is because supporting the patient's diversity and culture leads the nurses or service providers to identify specific preferences of care they may have along with help to offer dignity and respect to the patient (Vogus and McClelland, 2016). It is evident as supporting one’s diversity makes them feel their diverse intellect and preferences are supported by others. The history, preference and needs of the service users can be identified by evaluating their medical reports and support plans (Kohlbry, 2016). This is because medication reports inform about the history of the health of the patient and support plans inform about the care being provided to the patients along with the future supportive care services they required for improving their present health status. The service users are to be communicated in a compassionate, polite and respectful manner by the nurses to gather information about their wishes and needs along with their medical history and preferences to be provided (Epstein et al. 2017). This is because such nature of communication makes the service users feel supported and understood which makes them feel sharing effective information about their personal needs and intricate medical information with the nurses without any fear of getting abuse or harm.

2.2 Demonstrate ways to put person-centred values into practice in a complex or sensitive situation.

The complex or sensitive situation includes traumatic moments, life-threatening situation, complex cognitive or communication needs and others (Moore et al. 2017). In case individuals are in a sensitive situation where they have experienced the death of their loved one it is seen that individuals feel distressed as they cannot accept the situation (Berghout et al. 2015). In this sensitive situation, according to person-centred values the person is to be empowered to control their emotions by offering them emotional support and compassion by the service providers. The service providers are also required to ensure that they do not disrespect the choice of the service users when they avoid discussing the situation and required to offer them time and scope to discuss their opinion whenever they want with them. In situations, where the service users report abuse and harm from the family they are to be offered compassionate care as per person-centred value. Moreover, the service providers are required to respect the needs and demands of the service users in taking decision as well as legal steps for their abusers in the family. This is because the service users may not feel to put the family members experience legal complications for their action. Thus, proper advocacy for the service users, in this case, is to be established so that effective steps according to their choices are taken to protect the service users from any form of abuse from the family and at the same time respecting their preferences and family dignity.

2.3 Adapt actions and approaches in response to an individual’s changing needs or preferences

The person-centred action and approaches are required to be adapted according to the changing needs of the service users to help them experience satisfactory care where their demands are fulfilled (Hansson et al. 2016). This is because without changing the approaches satisfactory care cannot be offered as the new needs and demands mentioned by the service users with changing in health situation are different than the present nature of services. In order to adapt person-centred action and approaches with the changing demand of the service users, the care plan is required to be frequently reviewed (Ulin et al. 2016). This is because frequent review helps in identifying the changes to be made as per the changing preferences of the service users. Moreover, regular communication with the service users regarding their health needs is to be established and frequent monitoring of the health of the service users are needed to effectively adapt person-centred care approach as per the changing needs of the service users (Ross et al. 2015). This is because regular communication makes the nurses remain well-informed about the changes in their care approaches to be made gradually to fulfil the changing demands and the regular health monitoring assists the service providers to understand as well as speculate the changes in care approaches to be made for more appropriately meeting the changing demands of the service users.

LO3

3.1 Analyse factors that influence the capacity of an individual to express consent.

The mental health condition acts as a key factor in influencing the capacity of an individual to express consent. This is because inappropriate mental health condition leads individuals to lack cognitive and psychological analytical skills required for providing effective consent regarding healthcare (Eaton et al. 2015). Moreover, communication ability is another factor that influences the capacity to express consent. This is because to offer consent one required to have a detailed understanding of the care services to be provided. However, important communication ability such as unable to make verbal communication, language barriers and others act as a hindrance in making informed consent as the detailed information to be understood in providing consent is not established (Huber et al. 2016). The lack of effective awareness and health literacy regarding the importance of treatment and medications among individuals affect the capacity to offer consent. This is because the individuals who are unaware of the importance of certain treatment of intervention may inappropriately avoid in providing their consent to be used in offering their care support. It creates hindered health status for the service users as the required support or care intervention essential for them could not be provided due to the barrier created by not having their consent out of unawareness and lack of health literacy (King et al. 2018).

3.2 Establish consent for an activity or action.

The consent from the service users regarding their care can be taken in various formats such as written consent, verbal consent and informed consent. In written consent, various specifications regarding care activities are mentioned in written format. The service users of family members are required to read the information and provide consent in written format by signing the document ensuring they have accepted the way of care delivery as specified (Bo et al. 2017). This nature of consent is used in case of offering care to service users in time of emergency. In verbal consent, specification regarding care intervention is informed through the use of verbal words (Parry et al. 2016). This nature of consent is used in general condition such as changing lifting equipment, offering massage for pain relief and others. The informed consent is referred to the approach in which the individuals in details are mentioned about the time and reason of executing the healthcare intervention and the risk related with it (Karlson et al. 2016). This is required so that the individuals are in the potential stage to appropriately inform about whether or not they wish to avail the intervention. While providing consent, replies and information are to be provided honestly and in case of confusion questions are to be clarified and those that cannot be understood are to be avoided to be replied.

3.3 Explain what steps to take if consent cannot be readily established.

In case the consent is not obtained, the nurse or health professional requires to avoid providing such clinical support to the service user. This is because it would lead to forced delivery of care that may create negative health consequences and dishonour the dignity of the patient (Lamont et al. 2019). During emergency, if the consent is not provided the information is to be repeated to the individuals and they are to be made understood the importance of their consent for the care support for the service users. However, persuasion or not forced attempts is to be made for offering consent as it is illegal in nature (Courtwright and Rubin, 2017).

LO4

4.1 Describe different ways of applying active participation to meet individual needs.

Active participation is referred to an approach which allows individuals to be involved in taking their own care and offer greater opportunity for them to determine the way they are living their life (Castro et al. 2016). Thus, active participation leads to service users to make their own decision regarding care intervention in improving their health status. One of the way active participation can be applied when the individuals wish to execute their own healthcare with support from other rather than become dependent on others in offering them care support (Vaismoradi et al. 2015). It means that the individual who has mobility problem may ask for support in maintaining their hygiene, preparing food, making bed to sleep and others from service providers rather than making the service provider execute the task on behalf of them. This is effective as would help them to develop the urge to move without being depending on others entirely for care. In another way, active participation can be implied when the service user chooses spent time in walking to take the lunch instead of support workers offering it to her at the hospital bed. Thus, the active participation allows service users to play an active part in their own care rather than being recipient of care ensuring the protection and promotion of their independence and rights (Glasdam et al. 2015).

4.2 Work with an individual and others to agree how active participation will be implemented.

In order to develop agreement with service users regarding the way active participation are to be implemented, the service users are to be involved in the decision-making process about their health (Osei-Frimpong et al. 2018). This is because in active participation the service users are the key individuals who make decision to determine the contribution they wish to make in achieving better health outcome and quality care. Moreover, to work with individual or service user in making agreement regarding active participation they are to be provided autonomy to choose regarding the way their healthcare is to be provided (Sak et al. 2017). This is because it offers independence and boosts their confidence; self-esteem and self-belief that they are offered the opportunity to make their own decision even though they are the burden of care on others due to deteriorated health condition. The agreement regarding active participation to be implemented can be developed by highlighting the benefit of probable activity to be taken up by the service users or individual, through peer-group encouragement as service users have greater belief on their peers, using persuasion techniques and others (Tobiano et al. 2015).

4.3 Demonstrate how active participation can address the holistic needs of an individual.

Active participation leads individuals to execute physical activity and has the opportunity to provide decisions regarding healthcare matters that are concerned with their lives (Delman et al. 2015). This address the holistic needs of the individuals as these activities make the individuals be physically independent to make mobility and be independent to makes choices regarding the nature of care support they wish to experience. The active participation leads individuals to develop better interpersonal relationship and social contact as they try to communicate with many in informing their participation (O’Reilly-de Brún et al. 2015). This addresses holistic needs of the individuals of making communication and be socially active. The active participation makes individuals to have detailed information regarding various aspects related to their care as well as leads them to develop new support skills (Almost et al. 2016). This addresses the holistic needs of the individuals by making them empowered to take their own care as well as the lower vulnerability of being abused which could to be experienced if being burden of care on others.

4.4 Demonstrate ways to promote understanding and use of active participation.

Active participation is the process in which the individuals at not only recipient of care but also decision-maker of their care support (Maslach and Leiter, 2017). Thus, to promote active participation one required to be well-informed regarding the process. This informs that effective training and knowledge regarding active participation is to be provided to the individuals included in the promotion. Later, they are to educate the skills and knowledge to others so that others have developed them to have clear understanding and way to use active participation in improving care for service users. Moreover, the benefits of active participation are to be informed in details to promote its use and understanding. In order to execute this purpose, information leaflets are to be shared related to it (Kenny et al. 2015).

LO5

5.1 Support an individual to make informed choices.

The ways of supporting individual to make informed consent are as follows:

The effective of communication is to be selected so that the information to be provided in detailed required to make the consent is well-understood by the individuals. This is because without clear communication details information cannot be understood by the service users to make proper informed consent (Grady, 2015).

The present priorities, concerns and level of knowledge of the individual are required to be identified in making informed consent. This is because they are going to inform the way data are to be provided so that the individual is able to make fair decision in making the informed consent (Beskow et al. 2015).

The confidentiality and dignity of the patients are to be maintained in making informed consent. This is because otherwise, the patients feel that the care support is vulnerable for and dishonours their privacy making them avoid providing informed consent even if it is required for the positive improvement of their health.

The information of all both the negative and positive aspect of any activity is to be provided in true and detailed manner in making informed consent (Lennox et al. 2015). This is because hindered and wring information leads to make wrong informed consent.

5.2 Use own role and authority to support the individual’s right to make choices.

In order support individuals in making the right choice, as per my role, I encourage them to ask questions regarding the activity or any aspect for which they are providing consent. This is done so that they have detailed understanding regarding what nature of choice they are making. Moreover, as per my role, I provide individuals assistance by referring to professionals for making a second opinion in regard to informed consent. In order to support individuals in making right choice, they are referred to senior and experienced staffs who are experienced and offer better information in making effective informed consent.

5.3 Manage risk in a way that maintains the individual’s right to make choices.

The risk experienced in making informed choices is that they are informed wrong and manipulated information (Blease et al. 2016). In order to manage the risk, the individuals are asked to crosscheck the provided information from authenticated sources for making informed consent. The other risk to be experienced is that individuals may face persuasion and inappropriate behaviour in providing informed consent (Karlson et al. 2016). This is to be avoided my making the individuals aware of the risks to be encountered while making informed consent. The self-esteem of individuals may be hurt which would lead individuals demotivated to provide informed consent (Blanck and Martinis, 2015). This is to be managed by ensuring that proper punishment is provided to the person involved in hurting the self-esteem of the individual that influenced them to make wrong informed consent.

5.4 Describe how to support an individual to question or challenge decisions concerning them that are made by others.

In order to support the individual who wish to challenge the decision regarding them being taken by others, the individual is to be offered detailed information regarding the aspect without any form of biasness (Donovan et al. 2016). This is because such information would help the individual to effectively identify the points based on which they can challenge the opinion or decision of others taken for them. Moreover, the individual would be supported to identify the risk factors as per their perception regarding the decision that may experience in accepting the decision. This is going to help the individuals provide effective reasons behind their determination to challenge the decision taken by others.

LO6

6.1 Explain the links between identity, self-image and self-esteem

Identify informs who a person is, their nature of thinking and personal characteristics. The self-image is referred to what the person perceive and think of themselves whereas self-esteem is referred to the way people perceive about themselves and the nature and extent of worthy they are in the society (Shloim et al. 2015; Tomas-Aragones and Marron, 2016; Oliveira, R.A., de Oliveira, R., da Costa, V.G., da Silva, L.L.A., Morais, C.C.F., Simões, S.M.D.S.G., Pergola-Marconato et al. 2017). Thus, the identity of a person makes them different from others because each individual has different interest or traits which are not similar to others. It is also similar related to self-image, where the way one person thinks of themselves are totally different what others perceive about themselves. The self-image is related to self-esteem because in case a person is not allowed to dress properly as per their personal image it hurts their sentiment that their respect which is related to self-esteem is lost. These factors are seen to collaboratively contribute to the well-being of the individuals as proper identify and higher self-image and self-esteem makes a person feel happy as well as good about themselves.

6.2 Analyse factors that contribute to the wellbeing of individuals.

There are various factors that contribute to the well-being of individuals which are as follows:

The emotional factors such as bonding with the family, creating happy memories with peers and friends, developing fun by participating in social functions and others act in establishing better emotional efficiency of the individuals. This is because it leads individuals to cope and avoid stress and depression the negatively affects their well-being (Raghupathi and Raghupathi, 2017).

The cultural factors such as respect towards elderly individuals, the ability to make choices as per cultural beliefs and others add to the wellbeing of the individuals due to their ability to successfully portray their culture (Cramm and Nieboer, 2015).

The social factors such as effective income, enjoying good social status and others add to the wellbeing

Healthy individuals with proper availability and well-maintained physical environment factors are able to enjoy well-being for themselves (Vallis, 2016).

6.3 Support an individual in a way that promotes their sense of identity, self-image and self-esteem.

In order to promote the identity of the individuals, they are to be provided scope to showcase their ability in the society to develop a permanent position (Eckstrand et al. 2017). The promotion of self-image of the individual can be supported by making the individual control their thoughts and develop honesty along with developing perception to let go what cannot be controlled (Hibbert et al. 2018). The self-esteem of individuals is to be promoted by providing them support regarding the way they can be their best self, making them focus on being happy in small things, remember all make mistakes and therefore it is normal they made one and others (Jurado et al. 2018).

6.4 Demonstrate ways to contribute to an environment that promotes well-being

The ways of contributing to an environment that promotes well-being are as follows:

The individuals are to be provided privacy and security of protecting their personal information.

The physical environments around individuals are well-maintained to support healthy living.

The individuals are to be allowed to live in quite place with presence of basic amenities and needs at large.

The individuals are treated with respect and they are protected from abuse

LO7

7.1 Compare different uses of risk assessment in care settings.

The risk assessment in health and social care settings is done to inform about the harmful aspects and factors that are to be considered and eliminated to avoid any problems or negative issues to be raised at care settings (Arvin et al. 2015). One of the risk assessments in healthcare is executed to prevent accident where signs in accident-prone areas are installed and accident-prone equipment are analysed along with instructions are provided to avoid risk related to their use (Majolagbe et al. 2017). The other risk assessment executed is to ensure the hygienic condition of the environment so that no vector or disease-causing germs are transmitted in any way that may create havoc regarding health aspect in the area. The other risk assessment informs about the legal requirements to be fulfilled in the areas so that no risk regarding legal issues are experienced. The risk assessment in healthcare settings also includes prevention to avoid injury in the workplace (Gaziano et al. 2015). The risk assessments involved with individuals are related to personal hygiene, mobility, challenging behaviour and others (Desmond et al. 2015; Bolton et al. 2015).

7.2 Explain how risk taking and risk assessment relate to rights and responsibilities.

The risk assessment is related with rights and responsibility in the sense that NHS, UK has made it legal that person-in-charge of a care settings or hospital is liable to make various risk assessment to ensure the service users at the place along with workers or service providers and others are prevented from any risk. They are to ensure that all officials and workers have knowledge about the precautionary steps to be taken to prevent any harm to individuals while making mobility, outings, executing personal habits and others (www.norfolkcommunityhealthandcare.nhs.uk, 2019).

7.3 Explain why risk assessments need to be regularly revised.

The risk assessment required to regularly revise so that updated risk are identified before their occurrence so that previous precautions may be taken to avoid them from occurring at all. The revision is also required to make changes in the precautionary steps being developed according to changing risks. It is also required so that proper account of the changing preferences and needs of the individuals are properly managed.

Conclusion

The above discussion informs that person-centred values are to be used in providing effective care to service users with dignity and respect. The individual history, preferences and needs are to be identified by communicating with directly or by analysing and checking their medical reports. The factors that influence making informed consent in person-centred care include authenticated information, details data delivery and others. The active participation related to person-centred care leads service users not just recipient of care but also take part in decision-making regarding care. The individuals are required to make risk assessment in care setting to prevent any nature of risk to be faced by individuals and workers at the workplace.

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