Effects of Physical Exercise on Blood Pressure

1. Briefly state the aims and hypothesis of the practical

Answer: This practical is based on the role of physical exercise in the blood pressure and also in the heart rate of a person. The aim of this practical is to link the relation between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and different stressors measured by using an automatic monitor for blood pressure. The hypothesis based on the assumption that upon changing body stress could affect the blood pressure and heart rate and as a whole MAP.

2. Provide a brief summary of your groups’ results

Answer: The cumulative results from the practical shows that the MAP value was found to increase upon standing condition with respect to the seated condition and decreased during the supine condition with respect to standing but it is still higher than seated. Under exercise the value became highest. On the other hand the heart rate also increased on standing with respect to seating condition, under supine condition it decrease even below the seated condition however, during exercise it was very high and highest among the series. While comparing with the seating data here the percentage of hearth rate increases for exercise and standing condition by 122.22% and 23.80% respectively. However, in terms of MAP, the values increased with a percentage of 2.98% upon standing and 22.35% upon exercise, both with respect to the seating condition. From the data of HR in exercise condition the aerobic fitness of the volunteer was found to be 2 L/min using the nomogram (from the data height 173 cm, 60kg, age 21, gender male, ethnicity Asian). From this the calculated value of normative VO2 was found to be 40mL/kg/min.

3. Did your results agree with the hypothesis?

Answer: Yes these observations supports hypothesis.

4. List the potential errors that could have affected the results of this practical

Answer: Proper knowledge of age, gender and height are necessary to get the correct value of VO2. Moreover, during the measurement of arterial pressure each time the fastening of calf, resting of the person during the variation of experiment are necessary factors. (Routledge, et al, 2010)

Reference

Routledge, F.S., Campbell, T.S., McFetridge-Durdle, J.A. and Bacon, S.L., 2010. Improvements in heart rate variability with exercise therapy. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 26(6), pp.303-312.

1. Briefly state the aims and hypothesis of the practical

Answer: The goal of the practical assignment is to learn the use of spirometer and use it for the measuring metabolic rate as well as for the ventilation. RMR and BMR are often synonymous however, they have some intricate relation and difference, in this practical the hypothesis is based on the fact that generally the metabolic rate changes upon exercise.

2. Provide a brief summary of your results

Answer: The results obtained from the 60 kg male with age 20 years is showing that, the oxygen uptake has increased during exercise and the metabolic rate also increased. The minute volume increased and almost became double with respect to the resting condition. Overall the metabolic rate has increased. The difference among the measured RMR and predicted BMR shows that RMR value is 261 Kcal/hr, higher than the predicted BMR value. The surface area was 2.013 and therefore the RMR was 129.66 Kcal/m2/hr, whereas under exercise condition the value is higher.

3. Did your results agree with the hypothesis?

Answer: Yes, the result here agree with the hypothesis of the practical assignment as the metabolic rate enhances during the exercise condition than the resting phase.

4. Why would you expect the measured resting metabolic rate (RMR) to be greater than the predicted basal metabolic rate (BMR) value?

Answer: The measured RMR is always greater than the BMR value because RMR is dependent on many physical constraints on which BMR does not depend. The subject has higher body surface area therefore the RMR is higher. Also may be due to the fact that the subject has higher muscle mass that is why the RMR is higher. (Blundell, et al, 2012)

5. What is the main cause of the higher metabolic rate during exercise when compared with the RMR?

Answer: During exercise the activity of muscle increases and the body release higher amount of energy for maintaining body homeostasis. That is why mass overall increases muscle and cause the increase in metabolic rate.

References

Blundell, J.E., Caudwell, P., Gibbons, C., Hopkins, M., Naslund, E., King, N. and Finlayson, G., 2012. Role of resting metabolic rate and energy expenditure in hunger and appetite control: a new formulation. Disease models & mechanisms, 5(5), pp.608-613.