Impacts of Family, Parenthood, and Work on Individual Characteristics

Introduction

The principles of morality are important among the individuals to raise concern about the right and wrong or good and bad behaviour. It has significant impacts on the characteristics of the person in the society and hence, it is important to analyse the principles of morality and analyse its impacts on the human being, where the factors such as working activities, family and parenthood activities have crucial effects on reshaping the characteristics of the individuals in the society. Through this study, it is possible to review the theories of morality and understand the moral values among the individuals. The study also provides a scope to identify the key factors that have crucial role in person’s lives which are such as the family roles, parenting style, working activities and personal hobbies and evaluate the impacts of the roles on person’s life, particularly in the context of psychology dissertation help.

Morality

Christian Morality and non-Christian theistic morality

Christian Morality is mainly consists of living one’s life with proper guidelines and inspirations from the Christian scriptures and traditions. Christian ethics as an academic discipline uses these scriptures and traditions in developing and critiquing ethical norms so that the person in the Christian community ensures that there is no such ethical issues. Being shaped by Biblical revelation is the primary way that Christian ethics can be distinguished from alternative ethical perspectives in terms of religious and secular. In the Christian Morality, god exists and the god has laid down absolute moral laws, and the individual must obey the God’s rules in order to maximise welfare and the quality of life. For example, there are differences in the morality of Christians and Buddhist (Chiu and Hackett, 2017). There are inherent and fundamental differences between Buddhism and Christianity, one significant element being that while Christianity is at its core monotheistic and they fully rely on a God as a Creator. On the other hand, the Buddhism is generally non-theistic and rejects the notion of a Creator God which provides divine values for the world. Hence, the morality may differ across different culture, but most of the cultures believe in god.

Non-religious morality

Non-religious morality is the secular morality is the aspect of the philosophy that deals with morality outside of the religions. As per the modern thinking, the characteristics of the human being are such as humanism, most versions of consequentialism and free thinking. Additional philosophies with ancient roots include those such as scepticism and virtue ethics. The secular ethical practices include autonomy and freedom to think and work in the society, be helpful to others, honest and fair treatment. These are effective in the recent era, to enhance the characteristics of the individuals so that the friendly relationship and good environment can be developed through secularism (McGrath, Hall-Simmonds and Goldberg, 2020). Humanistic ethic is the universal morality that enhances commonality of human nature by providing faith and fair treatment in the society. The human being through the ability to emphasise is also capable of determining the ethical grounds and work efficiently to support others. The wellbeing of the individual is the central aim behind the decision making process under the secular morality where the individuals are developing important decision to create values for others. Through logic and reason, they are also capable of deriving normative principles of behaviour. Hence, as per the non-religious morality, there is no relationship with a particular religion and country in the society; rather the individuals treat all the human being equally irrespective of their cultural background, race and ethnicity (Tappin and McKay, 2017).

Existentialism Theory

Existentialism is a philosophical theory, which stated that, the people are free agents in the society, who have further control over their choices and actions. Existentialists believe that, the society should not restrict an individual's life or actions and that these restrictions inhibit free will and the development of that person's potential. According to existentialism, the resistance is always articular and individual and it is primarily the problem of existing theretofore investigating the issues and overcoming the problems would be beneficial to maximise own existence and actions in the society as per the individual choice and preferences. The individual can maximise own actions according to their choice and preferences where they are also concerned about authenticity and inauthenticity in doing their actions in the society. Additionally, moral individualism and subjectivity are maximised where the individual can work with freedom and harmony in the society (Stellar and Willer, 2018).

Key roles in person’s life

Work and the notion of personal organisation

Working activities and notion of personal organisation have critical impacts on the individuals, where the individual thinking process and morality affect the decision making practice. The notion of work further enhances the working ethics where the individuals would be able to make effective decision for themselves also for other in the institutions. As per the Christian morality, the people try to implement Bible in the workplace and make ethical decision for achieving the future success. In this regard, individualistic society and faith on Bible further restructure the thinking process and ethics among the individuals among the Christian community. On the other hand, the secular morality is different where the decision is made for the benefits of all participants engaged in the working activities (Brambilla et al., 2019). The business activities must be characterised by the fairness to include equitable treatment and equality of opportunity for all participants in the marketplace. It further improves equality and diversity in the organisational decision making practice.

Business activities must be characterized by respect for the environment, where the individual with secular morality respect others and create friendly environment to work as a team. Maintaining respect and human dignity is also another characteristic of the organisation, where the individual try to create values for others through managing their dignity and respecting them. Honesty is also mandatory in the business process where the individual are efficient to manage their activities honestly so that it would not hamper others (Ellemers et al., 2019). Hence, in the society, the working practice and individual mind set are beneficial to reshape the decision making process among the individuals, where the people are trying to develop ethical decision for creating values for others. The working practice and ethical decision making behaviour hereby are effective in person’s life, where the individual is able to identify the good and bad decision in the organisation as well as it is also effective to develop the individual personality and characteristics to treat others and create values in the society.

Role of family on person’s life

Family is playing a crucial role in person’s life, to improve the mind-set of the individuals and create values for them in future. Playing is an effective factor to reshape the person’s characteristics, where the family members provide the scope of self-expression, freedom to share their opinion and pleasure to the child will provide a scope to develop extrovert behaviour, where the child is able to share his or her perception with the family members. There is great role of the family members in person’s life to develop respect for others, maintain dignity, politeness and good behaviour to others. Hence, behavioural development is mandatory to lead a live and create values for others. Good behavioural development, respect for others and the habit of sharing and cooperation are beneficial to develop a person in the society. Joint family is hereby important for developing the practice of sharing, time management, developing bonding and cooperation. It also helps to improve communication and cooperation among the person, where the joint family is beneficial for creating good behaviour and develop the values of respect and dignity among the children.

Parenting style and changes over time in attitudes of parents

Parenting style and changes over time in attitudes of parents is also playing an important role in person’s life, where the personality and characteristics are developed among the individual as per the parenting style. For example, good parenting with joint family is helpful to increase the skill of socialism, social bonding and inclusion, as well as emotions, where the individuals are able to develop good relationship with others by communication and cooperation (Ruch, Bruntsch and Wagner, 2017). On the other hand, if the parenting is not effective and it is changing towards negligence, lack of communication and bonding due to nuclear family in the recent years, it raise the issue of bad behavioural characteristics among the individuals, where the person is not able to understand the values of relationship and social inclusion in living in the community. Hence, the practice of love, affection, guidance, care, supervision, motivation and continuous inspirations are fruitful for ensure childhood development, where the person is able to develop good behaviour, respect others and increase socialisation through interaction and cooperative working practice.

Responses to stress

Stress management practice also has crucial impacts on person’s life, where the resilience and vulnerability to stressors as well as the intensity if the stress responses deepened on the age, gender, intelligence etc. There are other numerous characteristics of managing stress which are self-esteem, optimism, hostility, self-efficacy, locus of control and hardiness. The diathesis–stress model or the vulnerability–stress model is mainly a psychological theory that attempts to explain a disorder in the individual, or its trajectory, as the result of an interaction between predisposition vulnerability, the diathesis, and a stress caused by life experiences. Hence, managing stress is important where the individual with self-esteem and efficacy to tackle the stress, as well as socially and emotionally intelligent person are successful to manage stress and improve resistance to develop alternative situation for achieving success (Ruch, Bruntsch and Wagner, 2017). On the other hand, the common reactions to stress are anxiety, fear of loss, restlessness, irritability, sadness and mood swing, depression and denial, and these characteristic have negative impacts on person life and it is important to develop alternative solutions for managing stress by ensuring self-esteem and dignity.

Responses to hardship, bereavement or loss

Responses to tough times are also another personality of the human being, where the brain and characteristics development are crucial for the person to tackle the critical situation in life. There are impacts on feeling due to hardship and loss such as loneliness, anxiety, sadness and anger as well as shock, depression, regret, fatigue and helplessness. On the other hand, the behavioural responses are absent mind-set, social withdrawal, crying, and sleep disorders, lack of concentration and appetite disorders. As per the person’s morality, it is important to manage the situation of hardship and loss in the human life in order to stay calm and improve living standard (Hester and Gray, 2020). As per the grief cycle, the activities such as shock and denial, bargaining, anger, guilt, acute grief tears and fears, desire and depression and adjustment are effective for the human being to manage hardship in life. With self-esteem, believe in God and self-confidence, the individual can manage the situation of hardship, bereavement or loss and overcome the situation by adjustment and alternative solutions.

The above mentioned factors have crucial role in developing person’s characters and improve the living standard in future. The family members, parenting style, workplace activities as well as the personality of the individuals are beneficial to develop the characteristics of trustworthiness, self-confidence, self-esteem, respect for others, responsibility towards others and the society as a whole, caring and citizenship.

Conclusion

Through understanding the moral values of Christianity and Non-religious morality, it is possible to demonstrate the individual personality towards the social communities as a whole. Believe in God as well as individual values are improved under the morality of the individuals. On the other hand, secular morality is effective to create values for overall social communities irrespective of the articular culture and ethnicity. The individuals in the recent years prefer to follow the secular morality in order to maximise ethics and create values for others through resect, dignity, and caring. The factors parenting style, working practice and stress management are effective to develop the person’s characteristics to lead a normal life, where good parenting, cooperative working practice with ethics will help the individuals to develop the characteristics of dignity, citizenship, caring and respect for others.

Reference List

Brambilla, M., Carraro, L., Castelli, L. and Sacchi, S., 2019. Changing impressions: Moral character dominates impression updating. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 82, pp.64-73.

Chiu, R.B. and Hackett, R.D., 2017. The assessment of individual moral goodness. Business Ethics: A European Review, 26(1), pp.31-46.

Ellemers, N., Van Der Toorn, J., Paunov, Y. and Van Leeuwen, T., 2019. The psychology of morality: A review and analysis of empirical studies published from 1940 through 2017. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 23(4), pp.332-366.

Hester, N. and Gray, K., 2020. The moral psychology of raceless, genderless strangers. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(2), pp.216-230.

McGrath, R.E., Hall-Simmonds, A. and Goldberg, L.R., 2020. Are measures of character and personality distinct? Evidence from observed-score and true-score analyses. Assessment, 27(1), pp.117-135.

Ruch, W., Bruntsch, R. and Wagner, L., 2017. The role of character traits in economic games. Personality and Individual Differences, 108, pp.186-190.

Stellar, J.E. and Willer, R., 2018. Unethical and inept? The influence of moral information on perceptions of competence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 114(2), p.195.

Tappin, B.M. and McKay, R.T., 2017. The illusion of moral superiority. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(6), pp.623-631.

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