Medical Science is an interdisciplinary field devoted to studying human biology, its functions, and treating disease. This expansive discipline draws from disciplines like anatomy, physiology, pharmacology and genetics in its quest for understanding health and disease. Through research, diagnosis and innovative treatments offered through this dynamic discipline - from cutting-edge technologies and practices that save lives to medical ethics that drive its continual evolution - medical science strives to improve individuals' well-being and longevity while saving lives.
Ageing causes change in the brain and cognition. The brain shrinks with the increase in the age, and the changes impacts the molecules to morphology. There are several factors that are linked with the brain and with ageing such as rise in dementia and memory impairment. It is determined that the memory decline is caused due to ageing and due to brain activation.
View More >>Methotrexate (MTX) is an anti-metabolic agent drug with functions as an immunosuppressant of rheumatic arthritis. Liderle Company discovered the medicine in 1950 and it was until 1988 that the medicine was approved for administration to patients.
View More >>At present, HIV is the most critical and non-curable disease in the world. HIV has been spread all over the world. According to Zuma et al. (2016), HIV is spreading very quickly among the young people and the number of affected people is increasing day-by-day. Teenage HIV can be noticed mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. As per the statistics, in 2015, there were 670000 young people including teenagers (age group between 15-24 years) affected by this deadly disease in Sub-Saharan Africa (Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 2017).
View More >>In the diagnostic imaging done in the contemporary settings, the most dynamic area of growth is the diagnostic medical ultrasound.
View More >>Advanced Glycation End (AGE) products are formed both endogenously in humans and found exogenously in food products
View More >>The stage initiates with the blood leaks from the wounded area where with the constriction of the blood vessels the blood leak is limited. The blood platelets act to stick together in forming blood clot to limit oozing out of blood from the area (Ridiandries et al., 2017).
View More >>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the wide group and they show upon their action on the diverse forms of cyclooxygenase (COX). Diclofenac is one of the NSAIDs which is prescribed for the pain treatment of varied pathophysiological conditions. However,
View More >>This study did an examination of whether there was an association between worrying and mind wandering and whether deliberate mind wandering and worrying are more associated as compared to unintentional mind wandering and worrying. Mind wandering also known as either
View More >>Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in the body that causes sugar levels to rise. It’s a condition that arises when the body
View More >>the undersigned, declare that this dissertation submitted to the University of Central Lancashire for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Science in the School of Medicine is my original work with exemption to the citations and that this
View More >>The body has a first line of defence against molecules that can be pathogenic derived or endogenous danger signals. Besides differentiating
View More >>Using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a further examination on the records was conducted and 55 texts were excluded from the review. CASP was also used to eliminate
View More >>To effectively understand the concepts of hypo/hyperglycemia, drug-mediated hypoglycemia and the sequelae of hyperglycemia I will explore the mechanism of homeostatic glucose control. This explains how glucose is extracted from food,
View More >>Rising level of resistance of microbes and limited availability of new microbe destroying agents has been long acknowledged (Batista, Pascoal and Cássio, 2017, p. 1332). The prime challenge for the healthcare organizations is to produce a novel and effective
View More >>The patient was a 62 year old female, was going through dialysis for the past 4 years. She was diabetic and had end-stage renal disease because of which tesio line was inserted to her for haemodialysis. She required assistance to get up for moving up from her wheel chair to the bed because of mobility issues. She knew about her disease and kept
View More >>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a blood cancer that is caused by a reaction of the clonal expansion of blasts of the myeloid lineage that have differentiated abnormally. This disease is classified under hematological malignancies comprising the most common acute leukemia in adults. Currently, Acute Myeloid Leukemia poses a major threat to the public as there
View More >>The outbreak of the novel Covid-19 in December 2019 has a global health emergency just four months since its outbreak in the Chinese city of Wuhan. As a result of many phylogenetic studies on the virus around the world, it has come out that the virus has a significant resemblance to the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 1 syndrome commonly referred to as SARS-CoV-1 hence resulting to its naming as SARS-CoV-2 Syndrome(1).
View More >>The study is developed to examine the psychological and emotional impact of urinary incontinence and bedwetting in children and young people aged 5-18 years old. The current available evidence mentions that psychological impact of urinary incontinence among children and young people includes lower self-esteem, depressive symptoms, bully, humiliation in the society and others.
View More >>Three examinations were led which measured the change in radius of curvature with Arch based on changing IOP values (17.5 mmHg, 20 mmHg, 27.5 mmHg, 30 mmHg, 37.5 mmHg and 40 mmHg), changing values of Thickness (150, 200, 250), changing diameter (5 mm and 6mm) and changing Modulus of Elasticity E (0.2, 0.6, 1). Inside those examination various segments where differed to represent the adjustment in relationship of each investigation. Based on the findings, the deformations of cornea while actualizing the implant were anticipated.
View More >>The fundamental reason for this section is to register the change in refractive power which is especially beneficial, considering the way that it will enable us to analyze what impacts the refractive power of the cornea, with respect to the mechanical properties of the inserts.This is a significant information to know for the parametric assessment similarly
View More >>When examining the composition and structure of a tissue with aim to provide a diagnosis, the tissue is usually stained before the observation is conducted. To obtain an accurate, clear and conclusive observation, most tissues require the application of stains. This report aims to assess the application of the different stains used in haematology experiments. In the experiment, the periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain method was applied to lamb liver tissues to detect glycogen and to distinguish it from other PAS positive elements in the section.
View More >>70% of iron in the body is used to produce myoglobin and heamoglobin; the former being a protein used to store oxygen in muscles and the latter is protein in RBCs used to transport oxygen to body tissues from the lungs (Zhang, 2014 pp.750-760).
View More >>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of cancer of hematopoietic system. Accumulation of aberrant immature white blood cells called granulocytes (or monocytes) in the bone marrow, are responsible for the initiation of this type of leukemia. Current treatment of AML is not effective enough due to drug resistance. In consequence, researchers are trying to investigate and identify new molecules that can be assessed as therapeutic targets for more efficacious therapy of AML. The better understanding of AML biology
View More >>The spine is central support structure of the body which functions to keep us upright by connecting the different parts of our skeleton together. These parts include the skull, ribcage, pelvic girdle, shoulder girdle, long bones of the upper limbs and lower limbs. It is made up of bones, intervertebral discs and elastic ligaments which make it flexible
View More >>Patients with acute stroke are at a high risk of developing various types of venous thrombosis such as pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (Andre et al., 2007). Earlier studies (e.g. Andre et al., 2007, Dennis et al. 2009) indicate that in the absence of prophylaxis, DVT and pulmonary embolism occurs in 40% and 5% of patients with asymptomatic DVT respectively.
View More >>This dissertation is a critical discussion on legal and ethical issues that are involved in the use of Advance Directives and Power of Attorney in the End of Life Care. The concept of Advance Directives was developed in the 1960s as a response to the concerns of individuals about their care at the end of life situations where such individuals feared loss of decision making capacity. Advance Directives allow individuals to make decisions with regard to their treatment which are then applied if such patients may even lose their decision making capacity.
View More >>Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major health problems in the developing countries. Every year, nearly 2 million deaths from this CAD in the European Union, amongst man are 16% and women 15% deaths due to this CAD(WEBBER et al 2012). In 2015 nearly 20 thousand coronary artery bypass surgery, 115 thousand revascularisation performed in the United Kingdom.
View More >>Photochemistry can be described as; chemical reactions or physical changes that are as a result of matter interacting with light (particularly within the range of ultraviolet and the visible light spectra). [1] This principle uses quantum mechanics to explain the relationshop between light and matter. It is a very essential feature in chemical reactions that occur both in vivo (e.g. photosynthesis, in the formation of peptides, amino acids) and within the environment.
View More >>Doping has emerged as one of the common practices witnessed in the world of athletics. However, the practice is strongly forbidden across the athletic organizations and mostly, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) which was established in the year 1999. WADA defined doping as the suspected or proven presence of the prohibited substances within the athlete’s body.
View More >>PCa is the leading cause of malignant cancer deaths in men and this has led to an increase in the number of new PCa diagnoses per year because of increased public awareness. Therefore, MRI is a modality of choice for investigating PCa diagnosis because of its diagnostic accuracy and non-invasiveness compared to trans-rectal ultrasound scans, biopsies and digital rectal examinations.
View More >>The antagonists of Vitamin K (VKA) acts as inhibitors for the physiological mechanism of regeneration cycle of vitamin K. The reduction of the accessible and usable forms of vitamin K in the body initiated by VKA drives in a roundabout way to a “hypocoagulable” condition of the blood. In case of the human beings, the VKA anticoagulants are utilized to forestall venous and blood vessel thrombotic occasion.
View More >>When a patient visits any medical facility following a sudden onset of headache or a ‘thunderclap headache, a computed tomography (CT) brain scan will inevitably be conducted as part of the diagnosis of the underlying problem (Martin et al., 2013). A CT brain scan done in the first 12 hours of sudden headache corroborates the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in 98% of the patients. After 12 hours the sensitivity of the scan is reduced to approximately 90% because the blood undergoes gradual dilution by the constant movement of the CSF.
View More >>Expert evidence is an important part of the criminal justice system as it is needed for administering justice in cases where expert evidence gives support to the arguments being put forth in the court. However, expert evidence may not always be reliable in leading to just and fair consequences in the courts of law because such evidence may be vitiated by bias (Dror, McCormack, & Epstein, 2015). There is sufficient research to lend credence to the fact that expert evidence may be prompted by cognitive bias, for which then it becomes necessary to understand how such biases can impact expert testimony and how expert evidence may be influenced by contextual information and cognitive bias.
View More >>The patient journey is referred to ongoing sequential process of care events in which a patient is followed from the point of healthcare access into the healthcare system and then continues towards diagnosis and care and finally ending in the care process (Girerd et al., 2018). The process mapping in patient’s journey is also essential to understand the way better care with less hindrance could be offered to the patient that would have enhanced their health.
View More >>Delirium is referred to abrupt changes that occurs in the brain causing individuals to develop emotional disruption and mental confusion which makes people difficult to remember, sleep, be attentive, think effectively and other (Nikooie et al., 2020). The initial signs of delirium in elderly includes hallucination or mood changes, restlessness, agitation, refusal to cooperate and other.
View More >>Injuries associated with pelvis and hips represent at least 5% or 6% of athletic injuries experienced by adults. According to Boyd et al (1997), the athletes who most commonly experience this type of injury are runners, soccer players and dancers. There is a paucity of reports on the prevalence of Coxa Saltans compared to other hip disorders, particularly because it is considered a less-common type of hip injury.
View More >>The need for specialists in all careers is a topic that is broadly mentioned. In nurse training, for one to gain capabilities, they ought to work as a registered nurse within the hospital; teaching as well as learning ought to take place in circumstantial applicable faculties that enable the improvement of skills that are required and in boosting the learner self-esteem.
View More >>Fibres play a critical role as trace evidence in solving complex crimes and support other evidence types used in the investigation pathway. Fibre analysis typically involves a microscopic comparison between known and unknown fibres samples[1], this can be laborious and requires a well equipped forensic laboratory with trained staff that may hamper operational team.
View More >>The cell biology informs the basic functional, structural and biological unit of life present in all living organisms which is considered as the building block of the life. In this assignment, a detailed overview of the cell biology of different cells and its functioning is to be discussed. For this purpose, initially the basic cell structure and its organelles are explained. Thereafter, the way metabolism in the cell occurs through different methods and techniques are discussed. Further, the ways cells function to dive and grow through different process are explained.
View More >>Low back pain is one of thea leading causes of disability in the world. It is one of the main causes of work related disability and absenteeism, which makes it one of the relevant areas for assessing the compensation regime for workers related to chronic back pain.
View More >>Laser resurfacing is the process of improving the appearance by using the laser beam which removes the damaged and unwanted skin tissues thereby making the skin looks younger and beautiful (Ansari et al. 2018). In recent years two most common laser resurfacing techniques are the fractional ablative CO2 laser and the full field ablative CO2 laser resurfacing.
View More >>While we cannot save all the babiesborn too early or preterm (infants born before full 37 weeks gestation), we can improve outcomes because we now have the tools and knowledge,from decades of research on effective interventions that may save the lives of these vulnerable infants.
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