Introduction to Training and Development in Nursing

Background of the topic

The training and development in nursing is the process in which existing and new nurses in the organisation are provided education regarding the healthcare principles and ways to be followed in delivering enhanced care (Chaghari et al. 2017). In the NHS, it is reported that nurses in the mental health field lack effective training and developed skills in delivering effective care to service users (theguardian.com, 2019). In the study by Buchan et al. (2019), it mentioned that NHS staffs are struggling to cope and provide effective care out of poor initiative to train them in using update care strategies in delivering services to patients. Thus, to further explore the way training and development of nurses are affected in the NHS and its importance in patient safety, the current study is being developed.

Background of Research Organisation

The National Healthcare Service (NHS) is the umbrella term for indicating publicly-funded healthcare system in the UK. The NHS body was established in 1948 with four separate branches for each country in the UK that are England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales. The NHS provides free care to all individuals in the UK irrespective of their social status to ensure equal care is received by all individuals in need of resolving their health complications (NHS, 2020).

Research Rationale

The presence of effective training and development for the nurses is required to support them have enhanced skill and knowledge for assuring patient safety. In the NHS, it is reported that 8-12% of the admission of patients to the hospital involves making them experience adverse health events. These are mainly due to presence of unskilled nurses involved in caring for the individual (health.org.uk, 2015). In the UK, the NHS requires to spend at least £70,000 in training a nurse from initiation to care for the patient (NHS, 2017). This indicates that quite a huge amount is required in supporting training and development of nurses. In 2017, the NHS budget for managing training of nurses and providing patient care has reduced by £850 million compared to 2016 (NHS, 2017). This indicates that increased budget cut is going to lead lower training and development opportunity of nurses to develop skill and knowledge to provide effective and error-free patient care.

The hindered training and development of nurses in the NHS out of different factors have become an issue because it is leading them to compromise patient safety and provide hindered care. This is evident from the prediction which mentions that 1/3 rd of the adverse events related to hospital administration can be prevented which was not able to be avoided due to lack of presence of well-trained nurse (civitas.org.uk 2015). This has currently become an issue because untrained nurses are leading patients in the NHS experience different nature of error in care such as medication administration error, treatment error and others. These errors are leading patients to experience deteriorated health condition which at times may be fatal (Cooper et al. 2017). Thus, the impact of training and development for patient safety in the NHS is to be discussed so that its importance can be reflected. Moreover, through this study, the human resources individuals in the NHS can be made to understand the validity of nursing training and development, in turn, making them implement the process in the system to ensure better service delivery. Therefore, the study is important to be executed.

Research Question

What is the impact of training and development of nurses for patient safety and the challenges involved with it in the NHS?

Research Aim

The aim is to determine the impact of training and development of nurses for patient safety in the NHS.

Research Objectives

To determine the concept of training and development of nurses for patient safety

To analyse the impact of training and development of nurses for patient safety in the NHS

To evaluate the challenges of training and development of nurses for patient safety in the NHS

To recommend strategies to overcome challenges of training and development of nurses for patient safety in the NHS

Research Methodology

The qualitative and quantitative research methodologies are two widely used methodologies in executing studies. As asserted by Queirós et al. (2017), quantitative research methods focus on making objective measurements and analysis of the data through numerical, statistical and mathematical approach. In this study, the quantitative research methodology will be used as it allows recruiting huge amount of participants in executing the study. Moreover, quantitative research allows taking standardised steps in lowering bias in collecting and analysing data ensuring higher validity of the study (Rutberg and Bouikidis, 2018). As criticised by Safdar et al. (2016), qualitative research involves gathering opinion and thoughts of the population to resolve the raised problem. In this study, the qualitative research methodology will not be used as it would create bias in the study. This is because the qualitative results are presented through analysis of the researcher who may manipulate the data through the influence of their own beliefs creating error in result presentation (Holloway and Galvin, 2016).

Research Approach

The Inductive and Deductive research approach are two key types of approaches used in executing studies. As mentioned by Älgå et al. (2018), the deductive approach includes the development of research hypothesis by considering the existing theory and designs a research strategy to test the framed hypothesis. This means that the deductive approach uses reasoning from particular information in executing the study. As argued by Ryder et al. (2019), inductive research initiates with observation and the hypothesis is presented based on the developed evidence. This indicates that inductive approach uses bottom-up approach in framing the study. In this research, the deductive approach will be used. This is because the deductive approach allows explaining relation between variables and concepts along with provides opportunity to generalise findings ensuring enriched development of the study (Älgå et al. 2018). The limitation of the inductive approach is that the concluding results drawn by following the approach cannot be scientifically proven but can be invalidated resulting the researcher unable to present valid and reliable data through presentation of appropriate reasoning (Ryder et al. 2019). Thus, the inductive approach will not be used in framing the study.

Research Strategy

The two key research strategies are ground theory and survey. The purpose of grounded theory is to integrate qualitative and qualitative perspective of thinking and action in the process of gathering and analysing data. The grounded theory uses inductive research approach for executing the study (Wearn et al. 2019). As criticised by Idon et al. (2017), survey research strategy is the process through which information are collected directly from individuals to provide response to the raised question This indicates that the research strategy leads to allow collecting first-hand data in the study. In this study, the survey research strategy will be used. This is because it is less expensive process along with allow large number of participants to be included in collecting enhanced data for enriched study (Idon et al. 2017). The grounded theory will not be used as the strategy for gathering data in the study. This is because it often leads to collect huge amount of data which the researchers fail to manage and analyse effectively leading to create error and biases in data presentation (Wearn et al. 2019)

Research Tools

The research tools most commonly used in the studies are interviews and questionnaires. In interview tool, the researchers develop detailed conversation with the participants and ask them queries to avail responses regarding the study topic (Rostami et al. 2018). However, the questionnaire tool includes series of different questions regarding the research topic for the purpose of availing information from the respondents (Norberg Boysen et al. 2016). In this study, a close-ended questionnaire will be used to gather valuable data regarding topic. The tool is to be used as it helps to gather wide amount of data white short time and in an expensive way. The survey questionnaires are to be distributed to the selected participants through email and messages over phone.

Sampling

The sampling in research is mainly of two types which are probability sampling and non-probability sampling. In probability sampling, each of the subjects in the target population have equal opportunity to getting selected in the representative sample (Alzahrani et al. 2016). However, in non-probability sampling, the participants do not have equal opportunity to get selected and they are selected on the basis of specific criteria (Vearey et al. 2018). In this study, probability sampling will be used. This is because it avoids including systematic error and loss of data along with raises higher reliability of findings with increased accuracy for error estimation (Alzahrani et al. 2016). However, the non-probability sampling will not be used in the study. This is because it does not allow to count the confidence level and margins of error in the study, in turn, making the researcher fail to assure the validity of the results (Vearey et al. 2018). A total of 75 out of 150 Human Resource professionals who are working at the NHS, UK are to be included in the study.

Ethical Consideration

The ethical considerations are to be maintained in executing a study so that any legal and immoral issues can be avoided. The Data Protection Act 1998 informs that no personal data of individuals are to be shared without their consent (legislation.gov.uk, 1998). Thus, to maintain confidentiality, no personal or professional data of the participants will be shared in the study. Moreover, detailed information about the reason for executing the study will be mentioned to be participants so that they can make informed decision towards participation in the study.

References

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